Faculty Collaboration Database

A single, peri-operative antibiotic can persistently alter the post-operative gut microbiome after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Endosc 2023 Feb;37(2):1476-1486

Date

06/30/2022

Pubmed ID

35768736

DOI

10.1007/s00464-022-09387-4

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85133186635 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) significantly alters the gut microbiome and may be a mechanism for post-operative cardiovascular disease improvement. We have previously found an association between the class of peri-operative, intravenous antibiotic administered at the time of RYGB and the resolution rate of hypertension suggesting the gut microbiome as a mechanism. In this study, we performed a prospective study of RYGB to determine if a single intravenous antibiotic could alter the gastrointestinal microbial composition.

METHODS: Patients undergoing RYGB were randomized to a single, peri-operative antibiotic of intravenous cefazolin (n = 8) or clindamycin (n = 8). Stool samples were collected from four-time points: 2 weeks pre-op (- 2w), 2 days pre-op (- 2d), 2 weeks post-op (+ 2w) and 3 months post-op (+ 3m). Stool samples were processed for genomic DNA followed by Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing (MGS).

RESULTS: A total of 60 stool samples (- 2w, n = 16; - 2d, n = 15; + 2w, n = 16; + 3m, n = 13) from 16 patients were analyzed. 87.5% of patients were female with an average age of 48.6 ± 12.2 years and pre-operative BMI of 50.9 ± 23.3 kg/m². RYGB induced statistically significant differences in alpha and beta diversity. There were statistically significant differences in alpha diversity at + 2w and beta diversity at + 3m due to antibiotic treatment. MGS revealed significantly distinct gut microbiota with 11 discriminatory metagenomic assembled genomes driven by antibiotic treatment at 3 months post-op, including increased Bifidobacterium spp. with clindamycin.

CONCLUSION: RYGB induces significant changes in the gut microbiome at 2 weeks that are maintained 3 months after surgery. However, the single peri-operative dose of antibiotic administered at the time of RYGB induces unique and persisting changes to the gut microbiome that are antibiotic-specific. Increased Bifidobacterium spp. with clindamycin administration may improve the metabolic efficacy of RYGB when considering gut-microbiome driven mechanisms for blood pressure resolution.

Author List

Fernando DG, Saravia FL, Atkinson SN, Barron M, Kirby JR, Kindel TL

Authors

Samantha N. Atkinson PhD Bioinformatics Analyst III in the Microbiology and Immunology department at Medical College of Wisconsin
Matthew R. Barron PhD Research Scientist I in the Surgery department at Medical College of Wisconsin
Tammy Lyn Kindel MD, PhD Associate Professor in the Surgery department at Medical College of Wisconsin
John Kirby PhD Chair, Center Associate Director, Professor in the Microbiology and Immunology department at Medical College of Wisconsin

MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold

Adult
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Clindamycin
Female
Gastric Bypass
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Obesity, Morbid
Prospective Studies
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S