Botulinum Neurotoxin A4 Has a 1000-Fold Reduced Potency Due to Three Single Amino Acid Alterations in the Protein Receptor Binding Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2023 Mar 16;24(6)
Date
03/30/2023Pubmed ID
36982762Pubmed Central ID
PMC10055998DOI
10.3390/ijms24065690Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85151111423 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 1 CitationAbstract
Botulinum neurotoxin subtype A4 (BoNT/A4) is ~1000-fold less potent than BoNT/A1. This study addresses the basis for low BoNT/A4 potency. Utilizing BoNT/A1-A4 and BoNT/A4-A1 Light Chain-Heavy Chain (LC-HC) chimeras, HC-A4 was responsible for low BoNT/A4 potency. Earlier studies showed BoNT/A1-receptor binding domain (Hcc) bound a β-strand peptide (556-564) and glycan-N559 within Luminal Domain 4 (LD4) of SV2C, the BoNT/A protein receptor. Relative to BoNT/A1, the Hcc of BoNT/A4 possesses two amino acid variants (D1141 and N1142) within the β-peptide binding interface and one amino acid variant (R1292) located near the SV2C glycan-N559. Introduction of BoNT/A4 β-strand peptide variant (D1141 and N1142) into BoNT/A1 reduced toxin potency 30-fold, and additional introduction of the BoNT/A4 glycan-N559 variant (D1141, N1142, and R1292) further reduced toxin potency to approach BoNT/A4. While introduction of BoNT/A1 glycan-N559 variant (G1292) into BoNT/A4 did not alter toxin potency, additional introduction of BoNT/A1 β-strand peptide variants (G1141, S1142, and G1292) resulted in potency approaching BoNT/A1 potency. Thus, outcomes from these functional and modeling studies indicate that in rodent models, disruption of Hcc -SV2C β-peptide and -glycan-N559 interactions mediate low BoNT/A4 potency, while in human motor neurons, disruption of Hcc-SV2C β-peptide alone mediates low BoNT/A4 potency, which link to a species-specific variation at SV2C563.
Author List
Tepp WH, Bradshaw M, Gardner AP, Kaufman RL, Barbieri JT, Pellett SAuthor
Joseph T. Barbieri PhD Professor in the Microbiology and Immunology department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
Amino AcidsHumans
Protein Binding
Protein Domains