Thermoresponsive nanogels for prolonged duration local anesthesia. Acta Biomater 2012 Oct;8(10):3596-605
Date
06/27/2012Pubmed ID
22732383Pubmed Central ID
PMC3429626DOI
10.1016/j.actbio.2012.06.013Scopus ID
2-s2.0-84865484651 45 CitationsAbstract
Nanogels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) are attractive vehicles for prolonged duration local anesthesia because of their tunable size, number of functional groups, thermoresponsiveness and anionic charge. Nerve block durations of up to 9h were achieved using acrylic acid-loaded nanogels loaded with bupivacaine. Increasing the anionic charge density of the nanogels or (for more highly acid-functionalized nanogels) decreasing the nanogel size facilitated longer duration of anesthetic release. Small (<300 nm diameter) nanogels formed dense aggregates upon injection in vivo and induced only mild inflammatory responses, while large (>500 nm diameter) nanogels typically remained as liquid-like residues in vivo and induced more severe inflammatory reactions.
Author List
Hoare T, Young S, Lawlor MW, Kohane DSAuthor
Michael W. Lawlor MD, PhD Adjunct Professor in the Pathology department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
3T3 CellsAnesthesia, Local
Animals
Bupivacaine
Cell Death
Cell Line
Cell Survival
Injections
Male
Mice
Motor Neurons
Nerve Block
Particle Size
Polyethylene Glycols
Polyethyleneimine
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Sciatic Nerve
Sensory Receptor Cells
Staining and Labeling
Temperature
Time Factors
