Faculty Collaboration Database

Inorganic nitrate supplementation attenuates peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity but does not improve cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity in older adults. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018 Jan 01;314(1):H45-H51

Date

10/04/2017

Pubmed ID

28971842

Pubmed Central ID

PMC6048463

DOI

10.1152/ajpheart.00389.2017

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85043465428 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)   22 Citations

Abstract

Aging is associated with increased peripheral chemoreceptor activity, reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and attenuation of cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), collectively increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests that NO may attenuate peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity and increase BRS. Exogenous inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) increases NO bioavailability via the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-NO pathway. Our hypothesis was that inorganic [Formula: see text] supplementation would attenuate peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity and enhance spontaneous cardiovagal BRS in older adults. We used a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover design in which 13 older (67 ± 3 yr old) adults ingested beetroot powder containing (BR_A) or devoid of (BR_P) [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] daily over 4 wk. Spontaneous cardiovagal BRS was assessed over 15 min of rest and was quantified using the sequence method. Chemoreflex sensitivity was assessed via ~5 min of hypoxia (10% fraction of inspired O₂) and reported as the slope of the relationship between O₂ saturation (%[Formula: see text]) and minute ventilation (in l/min) or heart rate (in beats/min). Ventilatory responsiveness to hypoxia was reduced after BR_A (from -0.14 ± 0.04 to -0.05 ± 0.02 l·min^-1·%[Formula: see text]^-1, P = 0.01) versus BR_P (from -0.10 ± 0.05 to -0.11 ± 0.05 l·min^-1·%[Formula: see text]^-1, P = 0.80), with no differences in heart rate responsiveness (BR_A: from -0.47 ± 0.06 to -0.33 ± 0.04 beats·min^-1·%[Formula: see text]^-1, BR_P: from -0.48 ± 0.07 to -0.42 ± 0.06 beats·min^-1·%[Formula: see text]^-1) between conditions (interaction effect, P = 0.41). Spontaneous cardiovagal BRS was unchanged after BR_A and BR_P (interaction effects, P = 0.69, 0.94, and 0.39 for all, up, and down sequences, respectively), despite a reduction in resting systolic and mean arterial blood pressure in the experimental (BR_A) group ( P < 0.01 for both). These findings illustrate that inorganic [Formula: see text] supplementation attenuates peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity without concomitant change in spontaneous cardiovagal BRS in older adults. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exogenous inorganic nitrate supplementation attenuates ventilatory, but not heart rate, responsiveness to abbreviated hypoxic exposure in older adults. Additionally, inorganic nitrate reduces systolic and mean arterial blood pressure without affecting spontaneous cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity. These findings suggest that inorganic nitrate may attenuate sympathetically oriented pathologies associated with aging.

Author List

Bock JM, Ueda K, Schneider AC, Hughes WE, Limberg JK, Bryan NS, Casey DP

Author

William E. Hughes Postdoctoral Fellow in the Medicine department at Medical College of Wisconsin

MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold

Age Factors
Aged
Aging
Arterial Pressure
Baroreflex
Beta vulgaris
Chemoreceptor Cells
Cross-Over Studies
Dietary Supplements
Female
Fruit and Vegetable Juices
Heart
Heart Rate
Humans
Hypoxia
Iowa
Lung
Male
Middle Aged
Nitrates
Nitric Oxide
Plant Extracts
Plant Roots
Pulmonary Ventilation
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
Vagus Nerve