Faculty Collaboration Database

Does Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Improve Survival in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Failure? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018 May 01;197(9):1177-1186

Date

01/27/2018

Pubmed ID

29373797

Pubmed Central ID

PMC6019927

DOI

10.1164/rccm.201709-1893OC

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85046537078 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)   46 Citations

Abstract

RATIONALE: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has supported gas exchange in children with severe respiratory failure for more than 40 years, without ECMO efficacy studies.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the mortality and functional status of children with severe acute respiratory failure supported with and without ECMO.

METHODS: This cohort study compared ECMO-supported children to pair-matched non-ECMO-supported control subjects with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Both individual case matching and propensity score matching were used. The study sample was selected from children enrolled in the cluster-randomized RESTORE (Randomized Evaluation of Sedation Titration for Respiratory Failure) clinical trial. Detailed demographic and daily physiologic data were used to match patients. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital-free days, ventilator-free days, and change in functional status at hospital discharge.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of 2,449 children in the RESTORE trial, 879 (35.9%) non-ECMO-supported patients with severe ARDS were eligible to match to 61 (2.5%) ECMO-supported children. When individual case matching was used (60 matched pairs), the in-hospital mortality rate at 90 days was 25% (15 of 60) for both the ECMO-supported and non-ECMO-supported children (P > 0.99). With propensity score matching (61 matched pairs), the ECMO-supported in-hospital mortality rate was 15 of 61 (25%), and the non-ECMO-supported hospital mortality rate was 18 of 61 (30%) (P = 0.70). There was no difference between ECMO-supported and non-ECMO-supported patients in any secondary outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: In children with severe ARDS, our results do not demonstrate that ECMO-supported children have superior outcomes compared with non-ECMO-supported children. Definitive answers will require a rigorous multisite randomized controlled trial.

Author List

Barbaro RP, Xu Y, Borasino S, Truemper EJ, Watson RS, Thiagarajan RR, Wypij D, Curley MAQ, RESTORE Study Investigators *

Author

Rainer G. Gedeit MD Associate Chief Medical Officer in the Children's Administration department at Children's Wisconsin

MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold

Adolescent
Child
Cohort Studies
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Female
Humans
Male
Respiration, Artificial
Respiratory Insufficiency
Survival
United States