Medical College of Wisconsin
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Michael S. Gaffrey PhD

Associate Professor

Institution: Medical College of Wisconsin
Department: Pediatrics
Division: Pediatrics Psychology and Developmental Medicine
Program: Child Development

Research Areas of Interest

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Behavior Therapy
  • Child Behavior
  • Child Behavior Disorders
  • Child Development
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Depression
  • Depressive Disorder, Major
  • Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
  • Infant Behavior
  • Infant Care
  • Ketamine
  • Meditation
  • Neuronal Plasticity
  • Psychology, Child
  • Psychotherapy
  • Therapeutics

    • Publications (43)

  • Microstate Analysis of Continuous Infant EEG: Tutorial and Reliability. (Bagdasarov A, Brunet D, Michel CM, Gaffrey MS) Brain Topogr 2024 Jul;37(4):496-513 PMID: 38430283 PMCID: PMC11199263 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85185863219 03/02/2024       1 Citation
  • Exploring the Association Between EEG Microstates During Resting-State and Error-Related Activity in Young Children. (Bagdasarov A, Roberts K, Brunet D, Michel CM, Gaffrey MS) Brain Topogr 2024 Jul;37(4):552-570 PMID: 38141125 PMCID: PMC11199242 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85180521167 12/23/2023       2 Citations
  • 5-MeO-DMT for post-traumatic stress disorder: a real-world longitudinal case study. (Ragnhildstveit A, Khan R, Seli P, Bass LC, August RJ, Kaiyo M, Barr N, Jackson LK, Gaffrey MS, Barsuglia JP, Averill LA) Front Psychiatry 2023;14:1271152 PMID: 38076677 PMCID: PMC10710141 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85178899673 12/11/2023       1 Citation
  • Electrical brain activations in preadolescents during a probabilistic reward-learning task reflect cognitive processes and behavioral strategy. (Chung YS, van den Berg B, Roberts KC, Bagdasarov A, Woldorff MG, Gaffrey MS) bioRxiv 2024 Jul 01 PMID: 37905129 PMCID: PMC10614771 10/31/2023    
  • Associations between pre-pandemic authoritative parenting, pandemic stressors, and children's depression and anxiety at the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. (Heaton KG, Camacho NL, Gaffrey MS) Sci Rep 2023 Sep 20;13(1):15592 PMID: 37730878 PMCID: PMC10511718 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85171809775 09/21/2023       3 Citations
  • Exploring the association between EEG microstates during resting-state and error-related activity in young children. (Bagdasarov A, Roberts K, Brunet D, Michel CM, Gaffrey MS) Res Sq 2023 May 02 PMID: 37205415 PMCID: PMC10187414 05/19/2023    
  • Toxicant exposure and the developing brain: A systematic review of the structural and functional MRI literature. (Fowler CH, Bagdasarov A, Camacho NL, Reuben A, Gaffrey MS) Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023 Jan;144:105006 PMID: 36535373 PMCID: PMC9922521 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85144544529 12/20/2022       5 Citations
  • Reduced cortical surface area globally and in reward-related cortex is associated with elevated depressive symptoms in preschoolers. (Fowler CH, Gaffrey MS) J Affect Disord 2022 Dec 15;319:286-293 PMID: 36162658 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85138638315 09/27/2022       6 Citations
  • Spatiotemporal dynamics of EEG microstates in four- to eight-year-old children: Age- and sex-related effects. (Bagdasarov A, Roberts K, Bréchet L, Brunet D, Michel CM, Gaffrey MS) Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022 Oct;57:101134 PMID: 35863172 PMCID: PMC9301511 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85134625127 07/22/2022       13 Citations
  • Stress-induced cortisol response is associated with right amygdala volume in early childhood. (Fowler CH, Bogdan R, Gaffrey MS) Neurobiol Stress 2021 May;14:100329 PMID: 33997154 PMCID: PMC8102621 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85111294900 05/18/2021       20 Citations
  • Editorial: Shedding Light on the Early Neurobiological Roots of Infant Temperament and Risk for Anxiety. (Gaffrey MS) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021 Sep;60(9):1069-1071 PMID: 33781860 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85107128457 03/31/2021    
  • Cortical thinning in preschoolers with maladaptive guilt. (Donohue MR, Tillman R, Barch DM, Luby J, Gaffrey MS) Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020 Nov 30;305:111195 PMID: 33045581 PMCID: PMC9245198 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85092371391 10/13/2020       3 Citations
  • Social origins of self-regulated attention during infancy and their disruption in autism spectrum disorder: Implications for early intervention. (Gaffrey MS, Markert S, Yu C) Dev Psychopathol 2020 Oct;32(4):1362-1374 PMID: 32693862 PMCID: PMC7670885 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85088709944 07/23/2020       3 Citations
  • Amygdala Functional Connectivity Is Associated With Emotion Regulation and Amygdala Reactivity in 4- to 6-Year-Olds. (Gaffrey MS, Barch DM, Luby JL, Petersen SE) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021 Jan;60(1):176-185 PMID: 32119912 PMCID: PMC7483219 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85097728054 03/03/2020       16 Citations
  • The Lifespan Human Connectome Project in Development: A large-scale study of brain connectivity development in 5-21 year olds. (Somerville LH, Bookheimer SY, Buckner RL, Burgess GC, Curtiss SW, Dapretto M, Elam JS, Gaffrey MS, Harms MP, Hodge C, Kandala S, Kastman EK, Nichols TE, Schlaggar BL, Smith SM, Thomas KM, Yacoub E, Van Essen DC, Barch DM) Neuroimage 2018 Dec;183:456-468 PMID: 30142446 PMCID: PMC6416053 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85052249147 08/25/2018       144 Citations
  • Continuity and stability of preschool depression from childhood through adolescence and following the onset of puberty. (Gaffrey MS, Tillman R, Barch DM, Luby JL) Compr Psychiatry 2018 Oct;86:39-46 PMID: 30077052 PMCID: PMC6842566 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85050800395 08/05/2018       38 Citations
  • Amygdala Reward Reactivity Mediates the Association Between Preschool Stress Response and Depression Severity. (Gaffrey MS, Barch DM, Bogdan R, Farris K, Petersen SE, Luby JL) Biol Psychiatry 2018 Jan 15;83(2):128-136 PMID: 29102026 PMCID: PMC5723551 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85033439435 11/06/2017       36 Citations
  • Amygdala reactivity to sad faces in preschool children: An early neural marker of persistent negative affect. (Gaffrey MS, Barch DM, Luby JL) Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016 Feb;17:94-100 PMID: 26780113 PMCID: PMC5003044 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84953807129 01/19/2016       11 Citations
  • Amygdala functional connectivity, HPA axis genetic variation, and life stress in children and relations to anxiety and emotion regulation. (Pagliaccio D, Luby JL, Bogdan R, Agrawal A, Gaffrey MS, Belden AC, Botteron KN, Harms MP, Barch DM) J Abnorm Psychol 2015 Nov;124(4):817-33 PMID: 26595470 PMCID: PMC4662045 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84973131594 11/26/2015       105 Citations
  • Stimulus-Driven Attention, Threat Bias, and Sad Bias in Youth with a History of an Anxiety Disorder or Depression. (Sylvester CM, Hudziak JJ, Gaffrey MS, Barch DM, Luby JL) J Abnorm Child Psychol 2016 Feb;44(2):219-31 PMID: 25702927 PMCID: PMC4547922 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84955708922 02/24/2015       47 Citations
  • HPA axis genetic variation, pubertal status, and sex interact to predict amygdala and hippocampus responses to negative emotional faces in school-age children. (Pagliaccio D, Luby JL, Bogdan R, Agrawal A, Gaffrey MS, Belden AC, Botteron KN, Harms MP, Barch DM) Neuroimage 2015 Apr 01;109:1-11 PMID: 25583614 PMCID: PMC4340765 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84921532269 01/15/2015       34 Citations
  • Trajectories of preschool disorders to full DSM depression at school age and early adolescence: continuity of preschool depression. (Luby JL, Gaffrey MS, Tillman R, April LM, Belden AC) Am J Psychiatry 2014 Jul;171(7):768-76 PMID: 24700355 PMCID: PMC4103647 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84903592128 04/05/2014       147 Citations
  • Stress-system genes and life stress predict cortisol levels and amygdala and hippocampal volumes in children. (Pagliaccio D, Luby JL, Bogdan R, Agrawal A, Gaffrey MS, Belden AC, Botteron KN, Harms MP, Barch DM) Neuropsychopharmacology 2014 Apr;39(5):1245-53 PMID: 24304824 PMCID: PMC3957120 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84896391713 12/07/2013       150 Citations
  • Serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype and stressful life events interact to predict preschool-onset depression: a replication and developmental extension. (Bogdan R, Agrawal A, Gaffrey MS, Tillman R, Luby JL) J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014 May;55(5):448-57 PMID: 24117502 PMCID: PMC3976464 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84898034373 10/15/2013       40 Citations
  • Disrupted amygdala reactivity in depressed 4- to 6-year-old children. (Gaffrey MS, Barch DM, Singer J, Shenoy R, Luby JL) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013 Jul;52(7):737-46 PMID: 23800487 PMCID: PMC3725819 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84879499010 06/27/2013       50 Citations
  • Functional brain activation to emotional and nonemotional faces in healthy children: evidence for developmentally undifferentiated amygdala function during the school-age period. (Pagliaccio D, Luby JL, Gaffrey MS, Belden AC, Botteron KN, Harms MP, Barch DM) Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2013 Dec;13(4):771-89 PMID: 23636982 PMCID: PMC3805822 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84891436263 05/03/2013       26 Citations
  • Structural-functional correlations between hippocampal volume and cortico-limbic emotional responses in depressed children. (Suzuki H, Botteron KN, Luby JL, Belden AC, Gaffrey MS, Babb CM, Nishino T, Miller MI, Ratnanather JT, Barch DM) Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2013 Mar;13(1):135-51 PMID: 23055092 PMCID: PMC3557609 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84873862139 10/12/2012       33 Citations
  • Relational aggression in children with preschool-onset psychiatric disorders. (Belden AC, Gaffrey MS, Luby JL) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2012 Sep;51(9):889-901 PMID: 22917202 PMCID: PMC3865780 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84865254859 08/25/2012       22 Citations
  • Functional brain activation to emotionally valenced faces in school-aged children with a history of preschool-onset major depression. (Barch DM, Gaffrey MS, Botteron KN, Belden AC, Luby JL) Biol Psychiatry 2012 Dec 15;72(12):1035-42 PMID: 22770650 PMCID: PMC3498571 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84869087602 07/10/2012       40 Citations
  • Towards the study of functional brain development in depression: an Interactive Specialization approach. (Gaffrey MS, Luby JL, Barch DM) Neurobiol Dis 2013 Apr;52:38-48 PMID: 22750525 PMCID: PMC3480993 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84873523204 07/04/2012       22 Citations
  • Social Cognition in Williams Syndrome: Relations between Performance on the Social Attribution Task and Cognitive and Behavioral Characteristics. (van der Fluit F, Gaffrey MS, Klein-Tasman BP) Front Psychol 2012;3:197 PMID: 22737137 PMCID: PMC3382409 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84867113565 06/28/2012       32 Citations
  • Atypical lexicosemantic function of extrastriate cortex in autism spectrum disorder: evidence from functional and effective connectivity. (Shen MD, Shih P, Öttl B, Keehn B, Leyden KM, Gaffrey MS, Müller RA) Neuroimage 2012 Sep;62(3):1780-91 PMID: 22699044 PMCID: PMC3857700 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84863513441 06/16/2012       38 Citations
  • Default mode network connectivity in children with a history of preschool onset depression. (Gaffrey MS, Luby JL, Botteron K, Repovš G, Barch DM) J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2012 Sep;53(9):964-72 PMID: 22519864 PMCID: PMC3437619 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84865473286 04/24/2012       67 Citations
  • Maternal support in early childhood predicts larger hippocampal volumes at school age. (Luby JL, Barch DM, Belden A, Gaffrey MS, Tillman R, Babb C, Nishino T, Suzuki H, Botteron KN) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012 Feb 21;109(8):2854-9 PMID: 22308421 PMCID: PMC3286943 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84863410094 02/07/2012       185 Citations
  • Functional connectivity of the amygdala in early-childhood-onset depression. (Luking KR, Repovs G, Belden AC, Gaffrey MS, Botteron KN, Luby JL, Barch DM) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011 Oct;50(10):1027-41.e3 PMID: 21961777 PMCID: PMC3185293 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-80053364690 10/04/2011       105 Citations
  • Effects of Stimulants and SSRIs on Brain Function in Children: Emerging Clues from fMRI Studies. (Gaffrey MS, Shenoy R, Luby JL) Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol News 2011 Oct;16(5):3-10 PMID: 23648672 PMCID: PMC3640815 10/01/2011    
  • The 2-week duration criterion and severity and course of early childhood depression: implications for nosology. (Gaffrey MS, Belden AC, Luby JL) J Affect Disord 2011 Oct;133(3):537-45 PMID: 21621267 PMCID: PMC3163057 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-80955179575 05/31/2011       30 Citations
  • Subgenual cingulate connectivity in children with a history of preschool-depression. (Gaffrey MS, Luby JL, Repovš G, Belden AC, Botteron KN, Luking KR, Barch DM) Neuroreport 2010 Dec 29;21(18):1182-8 PMID: 21048519 PMCID: PMC3008372 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-78650510826 11/05/2010       45 Citations
  • Association between depression severity and amygdala reactivity during sad face viewing in depressed preschoolers: an fMRI study. (Gaffrey MS, Luby JL, Belden AC, Hirshberg JS, Volsch J, Barch DM) J Affect Disord 2011 Mar;129(1-3):364-70 PMID: 20869122 PMCID: PMC3029507 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-79851509532 09/28/2010       71 Citations
  • Atypical network connectivity for imitation in autism spectrum disorder. (Shih P, Shen M, Ottl B, Keehn B, Gaffrey MS, Müller RA) Neuropsychologia 2010 Aug;48(10):2931-9 PMID: 20558187 PMCID: PMC3315839 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-77955271705 06/19/2010       88 Citations
  • Expecting the worst: observations of reactivity to sound in young children with Williams syndrome. (Gallo FJ, Klein-Tasman BP, Gaffrey MS, Curran P) Res Dev Disabil 2008;29(6):567-81 PMID: 18023141 PMCID: PMC2654609 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-56049086838 11/21/2007       18 Citations
  • Atypical [corrected] participation of visual cortex during word processing in autism: an fMRI study of semantic decision. (Gaffrey MS, Kleinhans NM, Haist F, Akshoomoff N, Campbell A, Courchesne E, Müller RA) Neuropsychologia 2007 Apr 09;45(8):1672-84 PMID: 17336346 PMCID: PMC2071933 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-33847749499 03/06/2007       107 Citations
  • Activity and functional connectivity of inferior frontal cortex associated with response conflict. (Kemmotsu N, Villalobos ME, Gaffrey MS, Courchesne E, Müller RA) Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2005 Jul;24(2):335-42 PMID: 15993771 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-21544481189 07/05/2005       54 Citations
    • Last update: 05/22/2024