Medical College of Wisconsin
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Julie K. Freed MD, PhD

Julie K. Freed MD, PhD profile photo picture

Vice Chair, Associate Professor

Institution: Medical College of Wisconsin
Department: Anesthesiology
Division: Clinical
Program: Operating Room Service

Member of the Cancer Center
Member of the Cardiovascular Center

View Curriculum Vitae

Research Experience

  • Adult
  • Arterioles
  • Coronary Vessels
  • Endothelial Cells
  • Endothelium, Vascular
  • Humans
  • Microcirculation
  • Nitric Oxide

    • Clinical Expertise

  • Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures
  • Echocardiography, Transesophageal

    • Leadership Positions

  • Director of Clinical Research, Department of Anesthesiology

    • Publications (51)

  • Necessary Role of Ceramides in the Human Microvascular Endothelium During Health and Disease. (SenthilKumar G, Katunaric B, Zirgibel Z, Lindemer B, Jaramillo-Torres MJ, Bordas-Murphy H, Schulz ME, Pearson PJ, Freed JK) Circ Res 2024 Jan 05;134(1):81-96 PMID: 38037825 PMCID: PMC10766100 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85181767221 12/01/2023    
  • Addressing the decline in graduate students' mental well-being. (SenthilKumar G, Mathieu NM, Freed JK, Sigmund CD, Gutterman DD) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023 Oct 01;325(4):H882-H887 PMID: 37624099 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85171900302 08/25/2023       1 Citation
  • Estrogen and the Vascular Endothelium: The Unanswered Questions. (SenthilKumar G, Katunaric B, Bordas-Murphy H, Sarvaideo J, Freed JK) Endocrinology 2023 Apr 17;164(6) PMID: 37207450 PMCID: PMC10230790 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85163898622 05/20/2023       2 Citations
  • 17β-Estradiol promotes sex-specific dysfunction in isolated human arterioles. (SenthilKumar G, Katunaric B, Bordas-Murphy H, Young M, Doren EL, Schulz ME, Widlansky ME, Freed JK) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023 Mar 01;324(3):H330-H337 PMID: 36607795 PMCID: PMC9925162 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85147536237 01/07/2023       5 Citations
  • New developments in translational microcirculatory research. (SenthilKumar G, Gutierrez-Huerta CA, Freed JK, Beyer AM, Fancher IS, LeBlanc AJ) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022 Dec 01;323(6):H1167-H1175 PMID: 36306213 PMCID: PMC9678417 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85142403599 10/29/2022       3 Citations
  • High-Dose IV Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) in Septic Shock: A Double-Blind, Allocation-Concealed, Placebo-Controlled Single-Center Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (The Intravenous Hydroxocobalamin in Septic Shock Trial). (Patel JJ, Willoughby R, Peterson J, Carver T, Zelten J, Markiewicz A, Spiegelhoff K, Hipp LA, Canales B, Szabo A, Heyland DK, Stoppe C, Zielonka J, Freed JK) Chest 2023 Feb;163(2):303-312 PMID: 36174744 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85146132356 09/30/2022       12 Citations
  • S1P (Sphingosine-1-Phosphate)-Induced Vasodilation in Human Resistance Arterioles During Health and Disease. (Katunaric B, SenthilKumar G, Schulz ME, De Oliveira N, Freed JK) Hypertension 2022 Oct;79(10):2250-2261 PMID: 36070401 PMCID: PMC9473289 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85137486054 09/08/2022       2 Citations
  • Hydroxocobalamin for treatment of catecholamine-resistant vasoplegia during liver transplantation: A single-center series of 20 cases. (Boettcher BT, Woehlck HJ, Makker H, Pagel PS, Freed JK) Int J Surg Case Rep 2022 Sep;98:107488 PMID: 35981485 PMCID: PMC9399471 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85135893802 08/19/2022       4 Citations
  • Role of Adiponectin Receptor 1 in Promoting Nitric Oxide-Mediated Flow-Induced Dilation in the Human Microvasculature. (Cohen KE, Katunaric B, Schulz ME, SenthilKumar G, Young MS, Mace JE, Freed JK) Front Pharmacol 2022;13:875900 PMID: 35444544 PMCID: PMC9014203 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85128486794 04/22/2022       7 Citations
  • Catheter-based system for the treatment of left ventricular assist device thrombosis. (Joyce DL, Lynch BE, Freed J, Kreuziger LB, Salinger MH, Joyce LD) Artif Organs 2022 Apr;46(4):705-709 PMID: 35080023 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85124909222 01/27/2022    
  • Vascular endothelial adiponectin signaling across the life span. (Cohen KE, Katunaric B, SenthilKumar G, McIntosh JJ, Freed JK) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022 Jan 01;322(1):H57-H65 PMID: 34797171 PMCID: PMC8698498 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85122249089 11/20/2021       11 Citations
  • Trends in personal protective equipment use by clinicians performing airway procedures for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in the USA from the intubateCOVID registry. (Gaulton TG, Neuman MD, US intubateCOVID Investigators) Br J Anaesth 2021 May;126(5):e184-e186 PMID: 33612248 PMCID: PMC8052559 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85104297993 02/23/2021       1 Citation
  • Sweat the small stuff: The human microvasculature and heart disease. (Katunaric B, Cohen KE, Beyer AM, Gutterman DD, Freed JK) Microcirculation 2021 Apr;28(3):e12658 PMID: 32939881 PMCID: PMC7960576 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85091684344 09/18/2020       3 Citations
  • Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Comprehensive Review and Update of Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Perioperative Implications. (Pagel PS, Tawil JN, Boettcher BT, Izquierdo DA, Lazicki TJ, Crystal GJ, Freed JK) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021 Jun;35(6):1839-1859 PMID: 32747202 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85089012456 08/05/2020       30 Citations
  • Crossing signals: bioactive lipids in the microvasculature. (Chabowski DS, Cohen KE, Abu-Hatoum O, Gutterman DD, Freed JK) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020 May 01;318(5):H1185-H1197 PMID: 32243770 PMCID: PMC7541955 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85084166989 04/04/2020       6 Citations
  • Characteristics associated with Publication of Randomized Controlled Trials in the Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia: A 15-Year Analysis, 2004-2018. (Pagel PS, Lazicki TJ, Izquierdo DA, Boettcher BT, Tawil JN, Freed JK) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020 Apr;34(4):857-864 PMID: 31836407 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85076560651 12/15/2019       1 Citation
  • You Are Only as Frail as Your Arteries: Prehabilitation of Elderly Surgical Patients (Durand MJ, Beckert AK, Peterson CY, Ludwig KA, Ridolfi TJ, Lauer KK, Freed JK) Current Anesthesiology Reports 1 December 2019;9(4):380-386 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85079022988 12/01/2019       3 Citations
  • A 50-year analysis of gender differences in United States authorship of original research articles in two major anesthesiology journals (Pagel PS, Freed JK, Lien CA) Scientometrics 1 October 2019;121(1):371-386 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85069887802 10/01/2019       5 Citations
  • Cobalt Blues: A New Complication of Hydroxocobalamin Therapy for Vasopressor-Resistant Vasoplegia in Patients Treated With Chronic Renal Replacement Therapy? (Pagel PS, Tawil JN, Freed JK) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019 Dec;33(12):3406-3408 PMID: 31537403 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85072186209 09/21/2019       2 Citations
  • Manipulation of the Sphingolipid Rheostat Influences the Mediator of Flow-Induced Dilation in the Human Microvasculature. (Schulz ME, Katunaric B, Hockenberry JC, Gutterman DD, Freed JK) J Am Heart Assoc 2019 Sep 03;8(17):e013153 PMID: 31462128 PMCID: PMC6755855 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85071627825 08/30/2019       5 Citations
  • Gender Composition and Trends of Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia Editorial Board Membership: A 33-Year Analysis, 1987-2019. (Pagel PS, Freed JK, Lien CA) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019 Dec;33(12):3229-3234 PMID: 31412981 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85070355320 08/16/2019       24 Citations
  • Detrimental effects of chemotherapy on human coronary microvascular function. (Hader SN, Zinkevich N, Norwood Toro LE, Kriegel AJ, Kong A, Freed JK, Gutterman DD, Beyer AM) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019 Oct 01;317(4):H705-H710 PMID: 31397169 PMCID: PMC6843017 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85072508643 08/10/2019       26 Citations
  • High-Dose Vitamin B12 in Vasodilatory Shock: A Narrative Review. (Patel JJ, Venegas-Borsellino C, Willoughby R, Freed JK) Nutr Clin Pract 2019 Aug;34(4):514-520 PMID: 31187494 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85067343132 06/13/2019       12 Citations
  • Gender Differences in Authorship in the Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia: A 28-Year Analysis of Publications Originating From the United States, 1990-2017. (Pagel PS, Freed JK, Lien CA) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019 Mar;33(3):593-599 PMID: 30638921 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85059613187 01/15/2019       23 Citations
  • Healing the Broken Heart With Adrenomedullin. (Freed JK) Circ Res 2019 Jan 04;124(1):15-17 PMID: 30605409 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85059495332 01/04/2019       1 Citation
  • Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery. (Pagel PS, Dye L 3rd, Hill GED, Vega JL, Tawil JN, De Vry DJ, Chandrashekarappa K, Iqbal Z, Boettcher BT, Freed JK) J Vis Exp 2018 Nov 28(141) PMID: 30582607 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85058138415 12/26/2018    
  • There is no way to sugar coat it, you are getting older. (Freed JK, Durand MJ) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018 Sep 01;315(3):H632-H633 PMID: 29906230 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85052948336 06/16/2018    
  • Advanced Age Attenuates Left Ventricular Filling Efficiency Quantified Using Vortex Formation Time: A Study of Octogenarians With Normal Left Ventricular Systolic Function Undergoing Coronary Artery Surgery. (Pagel PS, Dye L 3rd, Boettcher BT, Freed JK) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018 Aug;32(4):1775-1779 PMID: 29525195 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85042941834 03/12/2018       4 Citations
  • Cardiac Physiology (Pagel PS, Freed JK) Kaplan's Essentials of Cardiac Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery 2018:62-79 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85054465241 01/01/2018       4 Citations
  • A Rare Cause of Intermittent Dyspnea, Occasional Palpitations, and Atypical Chest Discomfort. (Dye L 3rd, Freed JK, Leschke JR, Pagel PS) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018 Aug;32(4):2031-2033 PMID: 29196139 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85035239514 12/03/2017       1 Citation
  • An Unusual Cause of an Isolated Transient Ischemic Attack in an Otherwise Healthy Elderly Man. (Freed JK, Simon JA, Iqbal Z, Almassi GH, Pagel PS) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018 Jun;32(3):1529-1532 PMID: 28927695 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85029484659 09/21/2017    
  • Hydroxocobalamin With or Without Methylene Blue May Improve Fluid Balance in Critically Ill Patients With Vasoplegic Syndrome After Cardiac Surgery: A Report of Two Cases. (Zundel MT, Feih JT, Rinka JRG, Boettcher BT, Freed JK, Kaiser M, Ghadiali HY, Tawil JN, Woehlck HJ, Pagel PS) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018 Feb;32(1):452-457 PMID: 28778773 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85026519109 08/06/2017       18 Citations
  • An Unusual Finding in a Woman Undergoing Resection of a Large Anterior Mediastinal Mass. (Freed JK, Dyer AJ, Olund TJ, Veldheer DJ, Boettcher BT, Pagel PS) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018 Apr;32(2):1090-1092 PMID: 28774641 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85026345913 08/05/2017       3 Citations
  • An Unexpected Finding During Repair of An Ascending Aortic Aneurysm. (Boettcher BT, Mungara C, Manupipatpong KK, Freed JK, Kaiser M, Pagel PS) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018 Feb;32(1):600-602 PMID: 28552298 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85019612165 05/30/2017    
  • PGC-1α (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1-α) Overexpression in Coronary Artery Disease Recruits NO and Hydrogen Peroxide During Flow-Mediated Dilation and Protects Against Increased Intraluminal Pressure. (Kadlec AO, Chabowski DS, Ait-Aissa K, Hockenberry JC, Otterson MF, Durand MJ, Freed JK, Beyer AM, Gutterman DD) Hypertension 2017 Jul;70(1):166-173 PMID: 28533333 PMCID: PMC5485836 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85019610110 05/24/2017       38 Citations
  • Communication Is Key: Mechanisms of Intercellular Signaling in Vasodilation. (Freed JK, Gutterman DD) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017 May;69(5):264-272 PMID: 28482351 PMCID: PMC5424612 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85019730447 05/10/2017       29 Citations
  • Moderate, Short-Term, Local Hyperglycemia Attenuates Forearm Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation After Transient Ischemia-Reperfusion in Human Volunteers. (Ebert TJ, Novalija J, Barney JA, Uhrich TD, Arain SR, Freed JK, Pagel PS) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017 Oct;31(5):1649-1655 PMID: 28284926 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85015618612 03/13/2017       2 Citations
  • Mitochondria-regulated formation of endothelium-derived extracellular vesicles shifts the mediator of flow-induced vasodilation. (Freed JK, Durand MJ, Hoffmann BR, Densmore JC, Greene AS, Gutterman DD) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017 May 01;312(5):H1096-H1104 PMID: 28213406 PMCID: PMC5451582 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85019633788 02/19/2017       16 Citations
  • A Rare Complication of Metastatic Osteosarcoma. (Pagel PS, Davidovich RM, Steck DT, Freed JK, Boettcher BT) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017 Aug;31(4):1540-1541 PMID: 28094173 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85009820764 01/18/2017    
  • Treatment of Vasoplegic Syndrome With Intravenous Hydroxocobalamin During Liver Transplantation. (Boettcher BT, Woehlck HJ, Reck SE, Hong JC, Zimmerman MA, Kim J, Zundel MT, Freed JK, Pagel PS) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017 Aug;31(4):1381-1384 PMID: 28012726 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85008219279 12/26/2016       25 Citations
  • Short-Term Angiotensin Subtype 1 Receptor Blockade Does Not Alter the Circulatory Responses to Sympathetic Nervous System Modulation in Healthy Volunteers Before and During Sevoflurane Anesthesia: Results of a Pilot Study. (Arain SR, Freed JK, Novalija J, Pagel PS, Ebert TJ) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016 Dec;30(6):1479-1484 PMID: 27751762 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84991281580 10/19/2016       1 Citation
  • A Rare Complication of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Mitral Valve Replacement. (Pagel PS, Sethi P, Freed JK, Boettcher BT, Hossein Almassi G) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017 Apr;31(2):770-772 PMID: 27693210 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85008637626 10/04/2016       1 Citation
  • Moderate Aortic Valvular Insufficiency Invalidates Vortex Formation Time as an Index of Left Ventricular Filling Efficiency in Patients With Severe Degenerative Calcific Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement. (Pagel PS, Boettcher BT, De Vry DJ, Freed JK, Iqbal Z) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016 Oct;30(5):1260-5 PMID: 27474333 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84991069443 07/31/2016       3 Citations
  • Acute, Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension During Off-Pump Coronary Artery Surgery: Is New Myocardial Ischemia, Cardiac Repositioning, or External Mitral Valve Compression the Culprit? (Khatib D, Boettcher BT, Freed JK, Pagel PS) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016 Dec;30(6):1744-1747 PMID: 27431596 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84998644071 07/20/2016       3 Citations
  • The Human Microcirculation: Regulation of Flow and Beyond. (Gutterman DD, Chabowski DS, Kadlec AO, Durand MJ, Freed JK, Ait-Aissa K, Beyer AM) Circ Res 2016 Jan 08;118(1):157-72 PMID: 26837746 PMCID: PMC4742348 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84954534623 02/04/2016       213 Citations
  • Critical Role for Telomerase in the Mechanism of Flow-Mediated Dilation in the Human Microcirculation. (Beyer AM, Freed JK, Durand MJ, Riedel M, Ait-Aissa K, Green P, Hockenberry JC, Morgan RG, Donato AJ, Peleg R, Gasparri M, Rokkas CK, Santos JH, Priel E, Gutterman DD) Circ Res 2016 Mar 04;118(5):856-66 PMID: 26699654 PMCID: PMC4772813 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84952008563 12/25/2015       85 Citations
  • Ceramide changes the mediator of flow-induced vasodilation from nitric oxide to hydrogen peroxide in the human microcirculation. (Freed JK, Beyer AM, LoGiudice JA, Hockenberry JC, Gutterman DD) Circ Res 2014 Aug 15;115(5):525-32 PMID: 24920698 PMCID: PMC4640193 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84906100241 06/13/2014       95 Citations
  • Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and vascular function: less is more. (Freed JK, Gutterman DD) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013 Apr;33(4):673-5 PMID: 23486769 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84875360019 03/15/2013       18 Citations
  • Proteomic analysis of shear stress-mediated protection from TNF-alpha in endothelial cells. (Freed JK, Greene AS) Microcirculation 2010 May;17(4):259-70 PMID: 20536739 PMCID: PMC3712086 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-77951675219 06/12/2010       14 Citations
  • Revealing the role of phosphatidylserine in shear stress-mediated protection in endothelial cells. (Freed JK, Shortreed MR, Kleefisch CJ, Smith LM, Greene AS) Endothelium 2008;15(4):225-30 PMID: 18663626 PMCID: PMC2579788 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-48549089424 07/30/2008       4 Citations
  • Isolation of signal transduction complexes using biotin and crosslinking methodologies. (Freed JK, Smith JR, Li P, Greene AS) Proteomics 2007 Jul;7(14):2371-4 PMID: 17623297 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-34547182806 07/12/2007       12 Citations
    • Last update: 01/18/2024