Faculty Collaboration Database

Small molecule probes for peroxynitrite detection. Redox Biochem Chem 2024 Dec;10

Date

01/09/2025

Pubmed ID

39781368

Pubmed Central ID

PMC11709760

DOI

10.1016/j.rbc.2024.100034

Abstract

Peroxynitrite (ONOO^‒/ONOOH) is a short-lived but highly reactive species that is formed in the diffusion-controlled reaction between nitric oxide and the superoxide radical anion. It can oxidize certain biomolecules and has been considered as a key cellular oxidant formed under various pathophysiological conditions. It is crucial to selectively detect and quantify ONOO^- to determine its role in biological processes. In this review, we discuss various approaches used to detect ONOO^‒ in cell-free and cellular systems with the major emphasis on small-molecule chemical probes. We review the chemical principles and mechanisms responsible for the formation of the detectable products, and plausible limitations of the probes. We recommend the use of boronate-based chemical probes for ONOO^‒, as they react directly and rapidly with ONOO^-, they produce minor but ONOO^‒‒specific products, and the reaction kinetics and mechanism have been rigorously characterized. Specific experimental approaches and protocols for the detection of ONOO^- in cell-free, cellular, and in vivo systems using boronate-based molecular probes are provided (as shown in Boxes 1-6).

Author List

Grzelakowska A, Kalyanaraman B, Zielonka J

Authors

Balaraman Kalyanaraman PhD Professor in the Biophysics department at Medical College of Wisconsin
Jacek M. Zielonka PhD Assistant Professor in the Biophysics department at Medical College of Wisconsin